//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4247 SUBJECT: GRB 051111A: ROTSE-III Detection of Possible Counterpart DATE: 05/11/11 06:08:00 GMT FROM: Wiphu Rujopakarn at U Michigan/ROTSE W. Rujopakarn (U Mich), H. Swan (U Mich), E.S. Rykoff (U Mich), B. Schaefer (Louisiana State), report on behalf of the ROTSE collaboration: ROTSE-IIIb, located at McDonald Observatory, Texas, responded to GRB 051111A (Swift trigger 163438). The first image was at 06:00:08.4 UT, 26.9 s after the burst (6.4 s after the GCN notice time). The unfiltered images are calibrated relative to USNO A2.0. We detect a new object, not visible in the DSS (second epoch), with coordinates: 23:12:33.2 +18:22:29.1 (J2000) start UT mag mlim(of image) ---------------------------------- 06:00:08.4 13.0 15.6 Continuing observations are in progress. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4248 SUBJECT: GRB051111: Swift-BAT detection of a bright burst DATE: 05/11/11 06:38:44 GMT FROM: David Palmer at LANL T. Sakamoto (GSFC), D. Burrows (PSU), S. Immler (GSFC/USRA), N. Gehrels (GSFC), S. Hunsberger (PSU), F. Marshall (GSFC), D. Palmer (LANL), V. La Parola (INAF-IASFPa) on behalf of the Swift team: At 05:59:41 UT, Swift-BAT triggered and located GRB051111 (trigger=163438). The BAT on-board calculated location is RA,Dec=348.157,+18.367 {23h 12m 38s,+18d 22' 03"} (J2000), with an uncertainty of 3 arcmin (radius, 90% containment, stat+sys). The BAT light curve showed a broad single peak with a 10 second rise to a peak of 4000 counts/s (15-350 keV) around T+0 with decaying emission at least to T+20. The spacecraft did not automatically slew due to Moon constraint. A ToO observation is being planned. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4250 SUBJECT: Faulkes Telescope R-band detection of GRB051111 DATE: 05/11/11 06:47:36 GMT FROM: Carole Mundell at ARI, JMU,Liverpool C.G. Mundell (Liverpool JMU), E. Rol (Leicester), C. Guidorzi, A. Gomboc, I. A. Steele, C.J. Mottram, A. Monfardini, R.J. Smith, D. Carter, M.F. Bode (Liverpool JMU), P. O'Brien, N. Bannister (Leicester) report: "The 2-m Faulkes North Telescope robotically followed up GRB051111 (Swift trigger 163438) at 06:04:44 UT. The automatic "detection mode" procedure detected a fading candidate at: 23:12:33.17 +18:22:28.80 (J2000) - R = 14.86 mag (vs USNOB1) Observations and analysis are ongoing. This message may be cited" //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4251 SUBJECT: GRB 051111: ROTSE-III Analysis of Prompt Counterpart DATE: 05/11/11 07:01:36 GMT FROM: Eli Rykoff at U of Michigan/ROTSE E.S. Rykoff (U Mich), W. Rujopakarn (U Mich), H. Swan (U Mich), B. Schaefer (Louisiana State), S.A. Yost (U Mich), R. Quimby (U Texas), report on behalf of the ROTSE collaboration: A fast fading optical transient has been discovered inside the error circle for GRB 051111A (Swift trigger 163438, Sakamoto et al, GCN 4248) by the ROTSE-IIIb telescope, located at McDonald Observatory (see Rujopakarn et al, GCN 4247). The initial response was during the BAT emission, when the transient was at 13.0 mag (unfiltered, relative to USNO A2.0). The transient faded as a simple power law with decay index ~ -0.9. At UT 06:41:57 (t+2500s), the transient was at 17.4 mag. Continuing observations are in progress. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4252 SUBJECT: GRB051111: Super-LOTIS Early Detection DATE: 05/11/11 07:09:58 GMT FROM: Grant Williams at Steward Observatory P. Milne, G. Williams (U. of Arizona), H. S. Park (LLNL), S. Barthelmy (GSFC), J. Crist-Lair (Clemson U) , report on behalf of the Super-LOTIS collaboration. The 0.6m automated Super-LOTIS telescope, located at Steward Observatory's Kitt Peak site, responded to Swift trigger 163438, GRB051111A. The first image began at 06:00:17.4 UT, 35.9 s after the burst. We clearly detect the OT identified by W. Rujopakarn et al. (GCN 4247) and find that it has faded considerably in images taken 15 minutes after the burst. The approximate R band magnitude in the first 10 second exposure was determined using the USNO B1 catalog. UT Start Exp Time R mag delta R 06:00:17.4 10 s 13.2 0.1 Observations and analysis are continuing. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4253 SUBJECT: GRB 051111a: Afterglow fading in Ic DATE: 05/11/11 07:15:17 GMT FROM: Ken ichi Torii at RIKEN K. Torii (Osaka U.) reports: The error region of GRB 051111a (Sakamoto et al., GCN 4248) was observed by the 0.3 m telescope in the New Mexico Skies Observatory. Starting at 06:05:50 UT (382 s after the burst), 120 s exposures in Ic band was repeated. We confirm the presence of the bright afterglow (Rujopakarn et al., GCN 4247) and its fading. Between 06:07 UT and 06:36 UT, the afterglow faded by about 1.7 mag in Ic band. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4254 SUBJECT: GRB 051111A: KAIT optical observations DATE: 05/11/11 07:23:14 GMT FROM: Weidong Li at UC Berkeley KAIT/LOSS W. Li, University of California, Berkeley, on behalf of the KAIT GRB team, report: The robotic 0.76-m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory observed GRB051111 detected with Swift (Trigger 163438; Sakamoto et al. GCN 4248). A series of images was automatically obtained starting at 06:00:25 UT (44s after the burst). The sequence includes a combination of images taken with the V and I filters, as well as some that are unfiltered. The OT identified by W. Rujopakarn et al. (GCN 4247) was detected with the following unfiltered magnitudes (calibrated to USNO B1.0): UT Start EXP time R mag delta R 06:00:25 15 s 13.40 0.05 06:01:46 20 s 14.32 0.05 Observations and analysis are continuing. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4255 SUBJECT: GRB 051111: Keck HIRES redshift DATE: 05/11/11 08:13:00 GMT FROM: Jason Prochaska at UCO/Lick Obs G. Hill (Keck), J.X. Prochaska (UCO/Lick), D. Fox (Penn State), B. Schaefer (Keck), M. Reed (Keck): "We have observed GRB 051111 with HIRESr on the Keck telescope for 1800s starting UT 07:03. We detect a series of strong MgII, FeII and SiII absorption features at a redshift z=1.55. Because we detect no additional features redward of the MgII doublet, we adopt this as the redshift of GRB 051111." A full analysis is underway. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4256 SUBJECT: GRB 051111a: IR photometry DATE: 05/11/11 09:48:19 GMT FROM: Josh Bloom at UC Berkeley J. S. Bloom, on behalf of a larger collaboration, reports: "As the poor transmission conditions (i.e. clouds) at Mt. Hopkins improved, we managed to obtain a total imaging exposure of 188 seconds on the field of GRB 051111a (GCN 4248) before hitting a telescope limit. In simultaneous observations with PAIRITEL (*) we measure magnitudes of the Rujopakarn transient (GCN 4247) of: J = 16.55 ± 0.03, H = 15.85 ± 0.04 and Ks = 15.29 ± 0.06 from 2005-11-11 07:23:29 to 2005-11-11 07:28:26 UTC. A color composite image may be found at: http://astro.berkeley.edu/~jbloom/grb051111a.gif This message may be cited." (*) http://pairitel.org //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4257 SUBJECT: GRB051111a: SARA Observations DATE: 05/11/11 10:31:34 GMT FROM: Autumn Homewood at Clemson U Kiran Garimella, Autumn Homewood, and Dieter Hartmann report on behalf of the Clemson GRB Follow-Up Team: We began observations in R-Band at UT 20051111 07:04:38, approximately 1 hour after the Swift Trigger (GCN 4248). We detect the OT reported by ROTSE-III (GCN 4247). Preliminary analysis of the raw data yields R = 18.3 +/- 0.2 mag, based on stacked images with a total exposure time of 50 minutes. Images were calibrated using USNO B1.0 catalog. Analysis is ongoing. This message may be cited. SARA Homepage: www.saraobservatory.org Clemson GRB Follow-Up Homepage: http://people.clemson.edu/~kgarime/burst //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4258 SUBJECT: GRB 051111A : Lulin BVRI multi band afterglow observation DATE: 05/11/11 11:40:53 GMT FROM: Yuji Urata at RIKEN GRB 051111A : Lulin BVRI multi band afterglow observation F.Y. Huang, K.Y. Huang, W.H. Ip (NCU), Y. Urata(RIKEN), Y. Qiu (BAO), Y.Q. Lou (THCA) on behalf of EAFON report: " We started BVRI multi band imaging of the GRB 051111A afterglow using Lulin 1-m telescope at 10:07 UT (4.1 h after the burst). We detected the optical afterglow clearly in each band. Preliminary analysis of the R-band image taken at 4.4 h after the burst with 300s exposure yields R=19.2. Further observation and analysis are in progress." This message may be cited. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4260 SUBJECT: GRB 051111: Swift-BAT refined analysis DATE: 05/11/11 15:08:54 GMT FROM: Takanori Sakamoto at NASA/GSFC H. Krimm (GSFC/USRA), M. Ajello (MPE), L. Barbier (GSFC), S. Barthelmy (GSFC), J. Cummings (GSFC/NRC), E. Fenimore (LANL), R. Fink (GSFC), N. Gehrels (GSFC), D. Hullinger (UMD), C. Markwardt (GSFC/UMD),D. Palmer (LANL), A. Parsons (GSFC), T. Sakamoto (GSFC/NRC), G. Sato (ISAS), J. Tueller (GSFC), on behalf of the Swift-BAT team: Using the data set from T-300 to T+300 sec from the recent telemetry downlink, we report further analysis of BAT GRB 051111 (trigger #163438) (Sakamoto, et al., GCN 4248). The BAT ground-calculated position is (RA,Dec) = 348.134, +18.365 {23h 12m 32s, 18d 21' 54"} [deg; J2000] +- 0.8 arcmin, (radius, sys+stat, 90% containment). The partial coding was 59%. The light curve has a FRED-like structure with the duration of the rising and the decay part of 10 sec and 40 sec, respectively. The emission might be extended untill T+80 sec. Although there is a bump around T+5s in the 100-350 keV band, this bump is not visible below 100 keV. T90 (15-350 keV) is (47 +- 1) sec (estimated error including systematics). The power law index of the time-averaged spectrum is 1.32 +- 0.06. The fluence in the 15-150 keV band is (3.9 +- 0.1) x 10^-6 erg/cm2. The 1-sec peak photon flux measured from T-0.56 sec in the 15-150 keV band is (2.5 +- 0.2) ph/cm2/sec. All the quoted errors are at the 90% confidence level. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4261 SUBJECT: GRB051111: XRT preliminary analysis DATE: 05/11/11 15:11:58 GMT FROM: Valentina La Parola at IASF-CNR sez. Palermo GRB051111: XRT preliminary analysis V. La Parola (INAF-IASFPA), V. Mangano (INAF-IASFPA), T. Mineo (INAF-IASFPA), G. Cusumano (INAF-IASFPA), D. N. Burrows (PSU), F. Marshall (GSFC), A. Smale (NASA HQ), K. Page (U. Leicester) on behalf of the Swift/XRT team: We have analysed 4 ks of XRT observations of GRB051111 (Sakamoto et al., GCN 4248). A bright source is well detected. The refined coordinates for this X-ray afterglow are: RA(J2000): 23h 12m 33.362s Dec(J2000): 18d 22' 29.535" with an estimated uncertainty of 3.5 arcsec (90% containment) and including the latest XRT boresight correction. The position is 71 arcsec from the on-board BAT position reported by Sakamoto et al. and 2.4 arcsec from the optical afterglow first detected by ROTSE (Rujopakarn et al., GCN 4247). The X-ray light-curve is steeply fading with a slope of -1.9+/-0.2. The spectrum of the PC data can be modelled with an absorbed power-law with photon index Gamma = 2.2+/-0.3 (90% containment). There is a slight evidence for an absorbing column higher than the Galactic value (5.02e20 cm^-2) at a level of (9+/-5)e21 cm^-2 at the observed redshift z=1.55 (Hill et al., GCN 4255). The 0.2-10 keV unabsorbed flux at 5000 s is 1.8e-11 erg cm^-2 s^-1. At 10000 s the afterglow had faded to flux level of 5.0e-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1. The predicted flux at T+24h is 8.8e-14erg cm^-2 s^-1 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4262 SUBJECT: GRB 051111A : R-band temporal decay index based on Lulin DATE: 05/11/11 16:06:28 GMT FROM: Yuji Urata at RIKEN GRB 051111A : R-band temporal decay index based on Lulin observations F.Y. Huang, K.Y. Huang, W.H. Ip (NCU), Y. Urata(RIKEN), Y. Qiu (BAO), Y.Q. Lou (THCA) on behalf of EAFON report: "We have observed the optical afterglow of GRB 051111 (GCN # 4247, 4248) using the Lulin 1m telescope with BVRI band filters between 10:07 UT and 14:54 UT on Nov 11 2005. Combine with our previous preliminary result (GCN # 4258), the R-band light curve shows shallow decay. When we fit all our R-band data with single power-law the temporal index is determined as alpha~-0.6. Further analysis is in progress." This message may be cited. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4263 SUBJECT: GRB051111: Swift/UVOT Observations DATE: 05/11/11 16:51:52 GMT FROM: Tracey Poole at MSSL T.S. Poole (UCL-MSSL), T. Sakamoto (GSFC), A.J. Blustin (UCL-MSSL), B. Hancock (UCL-MSSL) & T.Kennedy (UCL-MSSL) on behalf of the Swift/UVOT team report: The Swift-Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) began observing the field of GRB 051111 (BAT Trigger=163438; Sakamoto et al. GCN 4248) at 2005-11-11 7:47:20, 5560 seconds after the burst. We detect a source in the V, B, U and UVW1 filters at position RA 23:12:33.17, DEC 18:22:28.80; this position was also reported by Mundell et. al. (GCN 4250). The source is not detected in the UVM2 or UVW2 filters. The aperture used for optical observations was 6 arcsec, and 12 arcsec was used for the ultraviolet observations. The limiting magnitudes are given to a 3 sigma limit. Filter T_range T_exp Mag (sec) (sec) V 16298-17198 900 19.33+/-0.35 - source detection B 11237-12136 900 20.38+/-0.35 - source detection U 10329-11229 900 20.09+/-0.46 - source detection UVW1 6467-7153 686 20.25+/-0.85 - source detection UVM2 5560-11832 1800 20.92 - upper limit UVW2 12145-12938 793 20.64 - upper limit Where T_range is time post-trigger, and T_exp is the exposure time of the observation. Magnitude errors include statistical and systematic errors. These results were obtained from intital UVOT exposures, and the observations of GRB051111 are continuing. This message may be cited. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4267 SUBJECT: GRB 051111: AEOS optical observations DATE: 05/11/12 06:19:58 GMT FROM: Ian Smith at Rice U Ian A. Smith (Rice U) and Heather F. Swan (U Mich) report on behalf of the MARGE collaboration: The Rice University CCD Camera (RUCCD) on the AEOS telescope, located at the Maui Space Surveillance System on Haleakala, observed the fading counterpart to GRB 051111 (Swift trigger 163438). VRI images were taken between 2005-11-11 06:31 UT (32 minutes after the trigger) and 07:08 UT. A preliminary analysis gives R=17.7 at 07:05 UT in a 30 second exposure. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4270 SUBJECT: GRB 051111: Radio afterglow DATE: 05/11/14 15:38:25 GMT FROM: Dale A. Frail at NRAO Dale A. Frail (NRAO) reports on behalf of a larger collaboration: "We observed the field of the bright GRB 051111 (GCN 4248) with the Very Large Array at 8.5 GHz around November 13.15 UT. At the position of the optical transient (GCN 4247; GCN 4250) there is a weak radio source with a flux density 98 +/- 28 uJy. We identify this as the radio afterglow of GRB 051111. Further observations are planned. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc." //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4271 SUBJECT: GRB 051111: Further spectroscopic analysis DATE: 05/11/14 17:54:48 GMT FROM: Jason Prochaska at UCO/Lick Obs J.X. Prochaska (UCO/Lick) on behalf of GRAASP reports: "We have further analyzed the Keck/HIRES spectrum of GRB 051111. A total integration of 5400s was acquired covering 4200-8400Ang with a SNR~20 per 1.3km/s pixel at 5500Ang. The main component is ~30km/s wide, contains 90% of the gas and is centered at z=1.54948 +/- 0.00001. The full line-profile, however, spans ~250km/s. The gas in the GRB host is remarkable for several reasons: (1) The SiII 1808 and ZnII 2026, 2062 transitions are saturated implying log N(Zn) > 13.5 and log N(Si) > 15.9. We believe these are the largest Zn and Si column densities recorded outside the Local Group; (2) The observed Zn/Fe ratio is [Zn/Fe] > 1.2 indicating significant differential depletion; (3) We detect the fine-structure SiII* 1816 transition and observe that the weak MgI 2026 transition is saturated. (4) Perhaps more stunning, we detect nearly every FeII excited transition in the Morton catalog redward of 2300Ang. This includes several transitions from the 977K excited level. These suggest both a large volume density and a warm gas. We place a lower limit to N(HI) assuming a solar metallicity for the gas: log N(HI) > 20.8. The high metal column density and significant differential depletion imply a rest-frame V-band extinction A(V) > 0.5mag. Adopting the Milky Way extinction curve, this implies an observed R-band extinction A(R_obs) > 1.4mag. The extinction is several times larger if one adopts the SMC or Calzetti curves. We also identify a very strong intervening MgII system at z=1.18975. These data were kindly obtained by the Keck observing staff during engineering and will be publically released. For now, the raw data are archived at www.graasp.org." This GCN may be cited. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4298 SUBJECT: GRB051111: Rc optical observations DATE: 05/11/22 16:12:18 GMT FROM: Graziella Pizzichini at IASF/CNR,Bologna D. Nanni, (INAF/Osservatorio di Roma), F. Terra (Second University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , C. Bartolini, G. Greco, A. Guarnieri, A. Piccioni (Bologna University), R. Poggiani (Pisa University), A. De Blasi (INAF/Osservatorio di Bologna) and G. Pizzichini (INAF/IASF, Bologna) report: We observed the error box of GRB051111 (Swift trigger 163438) with the 152 cm Loiano Telescope and the BFOSC camera system in poor sky conditions. We obtained the following images, all of them in the Rc filter, and detected the optical candidate first reported by Rujopakarn et al., GCN 4247 with the following magnitudes: Start time (UT) Exposure Mag (min) 051111 18:26:55 20 20.0 +- 0.2 051111 19:31:51 20 20.5 +- 0.3 051111 22:05:51 20 20.9 +- 0.5 051111 22:27:31 20 20.9 +- 0.5 051111 22:50:56 20 21.5 +- 0.8 051111 23:12:35 20 20.9 +- 0.5 The coadded images and the observation log will be posted in our public directory from where they can be retrieved by sftp using hostname: ermione.bo.astro.it, username: publicGRB, //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4299 SUBJECT: GRB051111: Suzaku WAM observation of the prompt emission DATE: 05/11/22 16:19:02 GMT FROM: Kazutaka Yamaoka at Aoyama Gakuin U K.Yamaoka, S.Sugita (Aoyama Gakuin U.), M.Ohno, T.Takahashi, Y.Fukazawa (Hiroshima U.), Y.Terada (RIKEN), K.Abe, Y.Endo, S. Hong, K.Onda, M.Tashiro (Saitama U.), K.Nakazawa, G.Sato, T.Takahashi (ISAS/JAXA), R.Miyawaki, M.Kokubun, K.Makishima (Univ. of Tokyo) and the HXD-II team: The bright burst, GRB 051111(Krimm et al., GCN4260), triggered the Suzaku Wideband All-sky Monitor (WAM) which covers an energy band of 50 keV - 5 MeV at 05:59:39 (UT). The observed prompt emission exhibits a FRED-like lightcurve with a duration (T90) of 31 seconds. The fluence in 100 - 700 keV was (8.4 +/- 0.8)X10^-6 erg/cm2. The 1-s peak flux was 1.0 +/- 0.1 photons/cm2/s in the same energy range. Preliminary result shows that the time-averaged spectrum is well fitted by a single power law with a photon index of 1.5 +/- 0.3. All the quoted errors are at statistical 90% confidence level. The WAM onboard calibration is still under way, and systematic errors, such as the flux calibration uncertainties of about 20%, are not included in the errors. The WAM light curve of this event is available at http://www.astro.isas.ac.jp/suzaku/research/HXD-WAM/WAM-GRB/grb/grb_table.html Further detailed analyses are in progress. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4302 SUBJECT: GRB051111: Rc optical observations: correction DATE: 05/11/23 18:07:29 GMT FROM: Graziella Pizzichini at IASF/CNR,Bologna In GCN 4298 on GRB051111: Rc optical observations, by D. Nanni et al., after the hostname: ermione.bo.astro.it and username: publicGRB for our public directory, the password: GRB_bo and directory: GRB051111 were omitted. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// TITLE: GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT NUMBER: 4307 SUBJECT: GRB051111: optical observaion DATE: 05/11/29 16:28:42 GMT FROM: Alexei Pozanenko at IKI, Moscow D. Sharapov, M. Ibrahimov (MAO), A.Pozanenko (IKI),V.Rumyantsev (CrAO) on behalf of larger GRB follow up collaboration report: We observed the error box of GRB051111 (Sakamoto et al., GCN 4248) with 1.5m telescope of Maidanak Astronomical Observatory. Set of BR images were taken between Oct.11 (UT) 18.11 - 18.40. Optical source (Rujopakarn et al., GCN 4247) is detected in a stacked R-image. Preliminary photometry against of USNO A2.0 is following: Mid time, Exposure, Filter, Mag. (UT) (s) Nov.11 18:19:35 900 R 19.78 +- 0.14 Nov.11 18:34:51 600 B >19.0 (3 sigma UL) The message may be cited.